# Neuro-Inclusive Peer Support — A Reading Guide

*Adapted for NIPE. Draws on the double-empathy framework (Milton, 2012 — cited, not reproduced) and public-domain guidance from the U.S. CDC, NIH, and WHO on inclusive practice.*

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## 1. The double-empathy problem — in one paragraph

Empathy gaps between neurotypical and neurodiverse people are *mutual*. It is not that autistic or ADHD peers "lack" empathy — the two groups often struggle to read each other because their communication styles differ. Bridging this is a shared responsibility.

## 2. Practical shifts

| Instead of… | Try… |
|---|---|
| "Look at me when I talk to you." | Let them listen the way that works for them. |
| Filling silences. | Allowing processing time. |
| Assuming a flat tone = no feeling. | Asking, "What are you feeling right now?" |
| Fluorescent, loud spaces. | Offering a quiet corner, dim lighting, headphones. |

## 3. Sensory first aid

- Lower your voice.
- Reduce visual clutter around them.
- Offer choice: *"Would ear-defenders help? Do you want to step outside?"*
- Never touch without consent.

## 4. Language

- Use the identity term the person themselves uses (identity-first or person-first).
- Avoid "high-functioning / low-functioning."
- Say what the person *does*, not what they *are*: "Kabir needs quiet to focus," not "Kabir is difficult."

## 5. Reciprocity, not rescue

Neurodiverse peers are not projects. Every relationship is two-way. Ask what they'd like *you* to learn.

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**Sources:**
- CDC, *Autism Spectrum Disorder* public information.
- NIH / NIMH, *ADHD in Adolescents* public materials.
- WHO, *World Report on Disability* public excerpts.
- Milton, D. (2012), *"On the Ontological Status of Autism: The 'Double Empathy Problem'"* — cited for framework only.